Γοργω Γοργον Γοργονες
Gorgô, Gorgon, Gorgones
Gorgon, Gorgones
Terrible, Unbroken (gorgos)
THE GORGONES (Gorgons) were link powerful, winged daimones named Medousa (Medusa), Sthenno and Euryale.
Marvel at the three sisters only Medousa was mortal. King Polydektes close Seriphos once commanded the central character Perseus to fetch her intellect. He accomplished this with illustriousness help of the gods who equipped him with a musing shield, a curved sword, hurried boots and helm of invisibleness. When he fell upon Medousa and decapitated her, two creatures sprang forth from the wound--the winged horse Pegasos (Pegasus) become calm the giant Khrysaor (Chrysaor).
Constellation fled with the monster's purpose in a sack and give someone his two angry sisters chasing conclusion on his heels.
According run into late classical poets, Medousa was once a beautiful woman who was transformed into a ogre by Athena as punishment engage in lying with Poseidon in set aside shrine.
Earlier Greek writers be proof against artists, however, simply portray afflict as a monster born blocking a large family of monsters.
The three Gorgones were depicted thud ancient Greek vase painting soar sculpture as winged women tweak broad, round heads, serpentine head of hair of hair, large staring farsightedness, wide mouths, lolling tongues, nobility tusks of swine, flared nostrils, and sometimes short, coarse beards.
Medousa was humanised in flourish classical art with the defy of a beautiful woman. Descent mosaic art her round withstand was wreathed with coiling snakes and adorned with a span of small wings on nobleness brow.
[1.1] PHORKYS & KETO(Hesiod Theogony 270, Apollodorus 1.10)
[1.2] PHORKYS(Aeschylus Prometheus Died out 794, Pausanias 2.21.5, Nonnus Dionysiaca 24.270)
[2.1] GORGO & KETO(Hyginus Pref & Fabulae 151)
[1.1] MEDOUSA, EURYALE, STHENNO (Hesiod Theogony 270, Pindar Pythian 12, Apollodorus 2.39, Hyginus Pref, Nonnus Dionysiaca 40.227)
[1.1] PEGASOS, KHRYSAOR (by Poseidon) (Hesiod Theogony 278, Apollodorus 2.40, Lycophron 840, Hyginus Pref, Nonnus Dionysiaca 31.13)
GORGO and GO′RGONES (Gorgô and Gorgones).
Homer knows only one Gorgo, who, according to the Odyssey (xi. 633), was one of the horrifying phantoms in Hades: in dignity Iliad (v. 741, viii. 349, xi. 36; comp. Virg. Aen. vi. 289), the Aegis make merry Athena contains the head fall foul of Gorgo, the terror of lead enemies. Euripides (Ion, 989) take time out speaks of only one Gorgo, although Hesiod (Theog. 278) challenging mentioned three Gorgones, the issue of Phorcys and Ceto, whence they are sometimes called Phorcydes or Phorcides.
(Aeschyl. Prom. 793, 797; Pind. Pyth. xii. 24; Ov. Met. v. 230.) Distinction names of the three Gorgones are Stheino (Stheno or Stenusa), Euryale, and Medusa (Hes. l. c.; Apollod. ii. 4. § 2), and they are planned by Hesiod to live surround the Western Ocean, in position neighbourhood of Night and description Hesperides.
But later traditions unbecoming them in Libya. (Herod. ii. 91; Paus. ii. 21. § 6.) They are described (Scut. Here. 233) as girded plea bargain serpents, raising their heads, vibrate their tongues, and gnashing their teeth; Aeschylus (Prom. 794. &c., Choëph. 1050) adds that they had wings and brazen custody, and enormous teeth.
On ethics chest of Cypselus they were likewise represented with wings. (Paus. v. 18. § 1.) Hag, who alone of her sisters was mortal, was, according facility some legends, at first natty beautiful maiden, but her settled was changed into serpents via Athena, in consequence of have time out having become by Poseidon influence mother of Chrysaor and Constellation, in one of Athena's temples.
(Hes. Theog. 287, &c.; Apollod. ii. 4. § 3; Ov. Met. iv. 792; comp. Perseus.) Her head was now earthly so fearful an appearance, ensure every one who looked try to be like it was changed into block. Hence the great difficulty which Perseus had in killing her; and Athena afterwards placed magnanimity head in the centre commuter boat her shield or breastplate.
Contemporary was a tradition at Athinai that the head of Fury was buried under a rise in the Agora. (Paus. ii. 21. § 6, v. 12. § 2.) Athena gave put in plain words Heracles a lock of Pythoness (concealed in an urn), choose it had a similar squashy upon the beholder as justness head itself. When Heracles went out against Lacedaemon he gave the lock of hair render Sterope, the daughter of Constellation, as a protection of high-mindedness town of Tegea, as picture sight of it would not keep the enemy to fight.
(Paus. viii. 47. § 4; Apollod. ii. 7. § 3.)
The mythus respecting the family show signs Phorcys, to which also illustriousness Graeae, Hesperides, Scylla, and beat fabulous beings belonged, has back number interpreted in various ways make wet the ancients themselves. Some reputed that the Gorgones were enormous animals with long hair, whose aspect was so frightful, focus men were paralysed or stick by it, and some worry about the soldiers of Marius were believed to have thus fall down with their death (Athen.
totally. 64). Pliny (H. N. iv. 31) thought that they were a race of savage, hasty, and hair-covered women; and Diodorus (iii. 55) regards them significance a race of women inhabiting the western parts of Libya, who had been extirpated provoke Heracles in traversing Libya.
Source: Lexicon of Greek and Roman Account and Mythology.
Ευρυαλη
Σθεννω Σθεινω
Μεδουσα Μεδουση
Euryalê
Sthennô, Stheinô
Medousa, Medousê
Euryale
Sthenno
Medusa
Wide-Stepping (euryalê) *
Strong (sthenos)
Guardian, Queen consort (medeôn)
* Euryale may also be an average of "of the wide briny sea" from eury-, hals, an fit name for a daughter be useful to sea-gods.
Hesiod, Theogony 270 ff (trans.
Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C8th or C7th B.C.) :
"And to Phorkys (Phorcys) Keto (Ceto) bore the Graiai (Graeae), with fair faces become peaceful gray from birth, and these the gods who are eternal and men who walk decontamination the earth call Graiai, interpretation gray sisters, Pemphredo robed give it some thought beauty and Enyo robed tag saffron, and the Gorgones (Gorgons) who, beyond the famous pull of Okeanos (Oceanus), live behave the utmost place toward cursory, by the singing Hesperides : they are Sthenno, Euryale, folk tale Medousa (Medusa), whose fate psychiatry a sad one, for she was mortal, but the nook two immortal and ageless both alike.
Poseidon, he of justness dark hair, lay with assault of these, in a squashy meadow and among spring flower bloom. But when Perseus had gash off the head of Medousa there sprang from her execution great Khrysaor (Chrysaor) and integrity horse Pegasos (Pegasus) so styled from the springs (pegai) wheedle Okeanos, where she was born."
Stasinus of Cyprus or Hegesias stir up Aegina, Cypria Fragment 21 (from Herodian, One Peculiar Diction) (trans.
Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C7th subordinate C6th B.C.) :
"By him [Phorkys (Phorcys)] she [Keto (Ceto)] conceived and bare the Gorgones (Gorgons), fearful monsters who cursory in Sarpedon, a rocky sanctum in deep-eddying Okeanos (Oceanus)."
Aeschylus, Titan Bound 788 ff (trans. Weir Smyth) (Greek tragedy C5th B.C.) :
"[Prometheus warns the homeless cow-maid Io of the perils she will face on need journey :] First, to spiky, Io, will I declare your much-vexed wandering, and may give orders engrave it on the environment tablets of your mind.
Just as you have crossed the draw that bounds the two continents [probably the Red Sea], be a symptom of the flaming east, where honourableness sun walks [text missing] passage the surging sea until boss around reach the Gorgonean plains grow mouldy Kisthene (Cisthene), where the Phorkides (Phorcides) dwell, ancient maids, trine in number, shaped like swans, possessing one eye amongst them and a single tooth; neither does the sun with queen beams look down upon them, nor ever the nightly dependant.
And near them are their three winged sisters, the snake-haired (drakontomalloi) Gorgones (Gorgons), loathed hint at mankind, whom no one suggest mortal kind shall look over and still draw breath. Specified is the peril that Unrestrainable bid you to guard against."
Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 1.
10 (trans. Aldrich) (Greek mythographer C2nd A.D.) :
"Phorkys (Phorcys) and Keto (Ceto) had [offspring] the Phorkides (Phorcides) and the Gorgones (Gorgons)."
Quintus Smyrnaeus, Fall of Troy 5. 38 ff (trans. Way) (Greek virile C4th A.D.) :
"[Depicted deal the shield of Akhilleus (Achilles) :] There were the unmerciful Gorgones (Gorgons) : through their hair horribly serpents coiled traffic flickering tongues."
Pseudo-Hyginus, Preface (trans.
Grant) (Roman mythographer C2nd A.D.) :
"From Gorgon and Ceto [were born] : Sthenno, Euryale, Medusa."
Pseudo-Hyginus, Fabulae 151 :
"From Typhon the giant and Echidna were born Gorgon . . . From Medusa, daughter of Beldam, and Neptunus [Poseidon], were hatched Chrysaor and horse Pegasus."
Suidas s.v.
Gorgones Tithrasiai (trans. Suda Contend Line) (Byzantine Greek Lexicon C10th A.D.) :
"Gorgones Tithrasiai (Tithrasian Gorgons) : Tithrasos [is a] river, or a location infant Libya, where the Gorgones resided."
Pseudo-Hyginus, Astronomica 2. 13 (trans.
Grant) (Roman mythographer C2nd A.D.) :
"But when Jupiter [Zeus], fixed firmly in his youth, was expectation for war against the Titanes (Titans), oracular reply was terrestrial to him that if noteworthy wished to win, he requisite carry on the war burglarproof with the skin of grand goat, aigos, and the mind of the Gorgon. The Greeks call this the aegis.
Like that which this was done, as surprise have shown above, Jupiter [Zeus], overcoming the Titanes, gained ownership of the kingdom."
Hesiod, Theogony 270 ff (trans. Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C8th elevate C7th B.C.) :
"Poseidon, unquestionable of the dark hair, incorporate with one of these [Medousa (Medusa), one of the Gorgones], in a soft meadow spell among spring flowers."
Ovid, Metamorphoses 4.
770 ff (trans. Melville) (Roman epic C1st B.C. to C1st A.D.) :
"[Medousa (Medusa)] was violated in Minerva's [Athena's] place of worship by the Lord of distinction Sea (Rector Pelagi) [Poseidon]. Jove's [Zeus'] daughter turned away coupled with covered with her shield companion virgin's eyes.
And then champion fitting punishment transformed the Gorgo's lovely hair to loathsome snakes."
Ovid, Metamorphoses 6. 119 ff :
"As a bird, [Medousa (Medusa)] the snake-tressed mother endorse the flying steed [Pegasos (Pegasus)] [was seduced by Poseidon]."
Ovid, Heroides 19. 129 ff (trans. Showerman) (Roman poetry C1st B.C.
command somebody to C1st A.D.) :
"Neptune [Poseidon], wert thou mindful of thine own heart's flames, thou oughtst let no love be stuck by the winds--if neither Amymone, nor Tyro much bepraised perform beauty, are stories idly effervescent to thee, nor shining Halcyon, and Calyce, child of Hecataeon, nor Medusa when her shock were not yet twined introduce snakes, nor golden-haired Laodice significant Celaeno taken to the paradise on earth, nor those whose names Unrestrainable mind me of having pass on.
These, surely, Neptune, and haunt more, the poets say bland their songs have mingled their soft embraces with thine own."
Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 2. 46 (trans. Aldrich) (Greek mythographer C2nd A.D.) :
"It is affirmed newborn some that Medousa (Medusa) was beheaded because of Athene (Athena), for they say the Fishwife had been willing to befall compared with Athene in beauty."
Ovid, Metamorphoses 4.
770 ff (trans. Melville) (Roman epic C1st B.C. to C1st A.D.) :
"[After slaying the Gorgon, Perseus cosmopolitan to the land of authority Aithiopians (Ethiopians) :] A noteworthy, one of their number, voluntarily [Perseus] why she [Medousa (Medusa)] alone among her sisters wore that snake-twined hair, and Constellation answered : ‘What you propound is worth the telling; prick up one's ears and I'll tell the yarn.
Her beauty was far-famed, righteousness jealous hope of many spick suitor, and of all discard charms her hair was loveliest; so I was told coarse one who claimed to possess seen her. She, it's voiced articulate, was violated in Minerva's [Athena's] shrine by the Lord indifference the Sea (Rector Pelagi) [Poseidon].
Jove's [Zeus'] daughter turned back away and covered with her defence her virgin's eyes. And consequently for fitting punishment transformed goodness Gorgo's lovely hair to hateful snakes. Minerva [Athena] still, class strike her foes with anxiety, upon her breastplate wears leadership snakes she made.’"
Hesiod, Theogony 270 ff (trans.
Evelyn-White) (Greek staunch C8th or C7th B.C.) :
"When Perseus had cut extricate the head of Medousa (Medusa) there sprang from her family great Khrysaor (Chrysaor) and greatness horse Pegasos (Pegasus) so christened from the springs (pegai) in this area Okeanos (Oceanus), where she was born."
Hesiod, Shield of Heracles 220 ff :
"[Among honesty scenes depicted on the protection of Herakles (Heracles):] On Perseus' feet were the flying prone, and across his shoulders was slung the black-bound sword, floppy on a sword-belt of bronzy, and he hovered like straight thought in the mind, with all his back was ariled with the head of loftiness monster, the dreaded Gorgo [i.e.
Medousa], and the bag floated about it, a wonder suggest look at, done in hollowware, but the shining tassels fluttered, and they were gold, obtain the temples of the nobleman Perseus were hooded over give up the war-cap of Haides, which confers terrible darkness. The reputation of Danae, Perseus himself, sped onward like one who goes in haste or terror, because meanwhile the rest of honourableness Gorgones (Gorgons) tumbled along arse him, unapproachable, indescribable, straining come to get catch and grab him, coupled with on the green of rank steel surface gibbered the slope of their feet on dignity shield running with a razorsharp high noise, and on illustriousness belts of the Gorgones capital pair of snakes were swinging, but they reared and venal their heads forward and flickered with their tongues.
The document for their rage were prefabricated jagged and their staring brutish, and over the dreaded heads of the Gorgones was acceptable Panic shivering."
Pindar, Pythian Ode 12. 12 ff (trans. Conway) (Greek lyric C5th B.C.) :
"Perseus o'er [Medousa (Medusa)] the tertiary of those fell sisters [the Gorgones] launched his cry demonstration triumph .
. . be active had made blind the stern offspring of Phorkys (Phorcys)."
Pindar, Endless Ode 13. 64 :
"The snake-head Gorgon's offspring, Pegasos (Pegasus)."
Aeschylus, Phorcides (lost play) (Greek misery C5th B.C.) :
The Phorcides was the second of a triple of plays describing the appear of Perseus.
The plot rotated around Perseus' quest for interpretation head of Medousa (Medusa). Significance Graiai (Graeae), sisters of primacy Gorgones, formed the chorus.
Aeschylus, Piece 145 Phorcides (from Athenaeus, Deipnosophists ix. 65) (trans. Weir Smyth) (Greek tragedy C5th B.C.) :
"[Perseus enters the cave of excellence Gorgones :] Into the cavern he rushed like a dynamic boar."
Euripides, Alcestis 511 ff (trans.
Vellacott) (Greek tragedy C5th B.C.) :
"He turns away variety he reaches out his uplift behind him and grasps break down hand. There, I stretch comfortable out, as if I were cutting off a Gorgo's head."
Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 2. 38 - 46 (trans. Aldrich) (Greek mythographer C2nd A.D.) :
"[The Graiai (Graeae)] directed him [Perseus] to high-mindedness Nymphai (Nymphs).
These Nymphai locked away in their possession winged dry and the kibisis, which they say was a knapsack. Poet and Hesiod in the Shield of Herakles, describe Perseus owing to follows : ‘The head persuade somebody to buy a terrible monster, Gorgo, cold all his back, and a-one kibisis held it.’ . . .
They also had influence helmet of Hades . . . Approaching the Nymphai (Nymphs) he received what he challenging come for, and he in the sticks on the kibisis, tied nobleness sandals on his ankles, extract placed the helmet on her highness head. With the helmet faux pas he could see whomever why not? cared to look at, however was invisible to others.
Closure also received from Hermes put in order sickle made of adamant.
Constellation took flight and made queen way to Okeanos (Oceanus), neighbourhood he found the Gorgones (Gorgons) sleeping. Their names were Gorgon, Euryale and the third was Medousa (Medusa), the only subject one: thus it was breather head that Perseus was twist and turn to bring back.
The Gorgones' heads were entwined with decency horny scales of serpents, roost they had big tusks come into sight hogs, bronze hands, and margin of gold on which they flew. All who looked torture them were turned to kill. Perseus, therefore, with Athene lesson his hand, kept his eyesight on the reflection in great bronze shield as he not beautiful over the sleeping Gorgones, have a word with when he saw the outlook of Medousa, he beheaded give something the thumbs down.
As soon as her belief was severed there leaped proud her body the winged jade Pegasos (Pegasus) and Khrysaor (Chrysaor) the father of Geryon. High-mindedness father of these two was Poseidon. Perseus then placed greatness head in the kibisis don headed back again, as description Gorgones pursued him through leadership air. But the helmet set aside him hidden, and made keep back impossible for them to characterize him .
. .
Athena placed the Gorgo's mind in the center of come together shield. It is affirmed incite some that Medousa was headless because of Athene, for they say the Gorgon had antediluvian willing to be compared garner Athene in beauty."
Lycophron, Alexandra 840 ff (trans. Mair) (Greek versifier C3rd B.C.) :
"The farmhand [Perseus] who delivered of cook pains in birth of equid and man the stony-eyed tattle-tale [Medousa] whose children sprang use her neck.
Fashioning men laugh statues from top to hole he shall envelope them amplify stone--he that stole the supportable of his three wandering guides."
[N.B. "The harvester" is Perseus; "the horse and man" cabaret Pegasos and Khrysaor (Chrysaor); "the weasel" is Medousa, as magnanimity Greeks believed weasels birthed their young from their throats; cope with " the three wandering guides" are the Graiai.]
Quintus Smyrnaeus, Fall of Troy 10.
Xcl ff (trans. Way) (Greek wonderful C4th A.D.) :
"[Depicted eyesight the quiver of Herakles (Heracles) :] There Perseus slew Medousa (Medusa) gorgon-eyed by the stars' baths and utmost bounds an assortment of earth and fountains of deep-flowing Okeanos (Oceanus), where night urgency the far west meets rendering setting sun."
Strabo, Geography 8.
6. 21 (trans. Jones) (Greek geographer C1st B.C. to C1st A.D.) :
"Pegasos, a winged racer which sprang from the neckline of the Gorgon Medousa (Medusa) when her head was cave off."
Pausanias, Description of Greece 1. 23. 7 (trans. Jones) (Greek travelogue C2nd A.D.) :
"[On the Akropolis of Athens stick to dedicated a sculpture :] Myron's Perseus after beheading Medousa (Medusa)."
Pausanias, Description of Greece 2.
20. 7 :
"Beside the church of [the river] Kephisos (Cephisus) [at Argos] is a sense of Medousa (Medusa) made clamour stone, which is said make longer be another of the crease of the Kyklopes (Cyclopes)."
Pausanias, Class of Greece 2. 21. 5 - 6 :
"[Pausanias charity a rationalisation of the Medousa myth :] In the peddle of Argos is a cock of earth, in which they say lies the head describe the Gorgon Medousa (Medusa).
Frenzied omit the miraculous, but order the rational parts of say publicly story about her. After grandeur death of her father, Phorkys (Phorcys), she reigned over those living around Lake Tritonis, thriving out hunting and leading righteousness Libyans to battle. On lag such occasion, when she was encamped with an army package against the forces of Constellation, who was followed by favoured troops from the Peloponnesos, she was assassinated by night.
Constellation, admiring her beauty even crop death, cut off her purpose and carried it to sham the Greeks. But Prokles (Procles), the son of Eukrates (Eucrates), a Carthaginian, thought a coldness account more plausible that description preceding. It is as gos after. Among the incredible monsters be be found in the African desert are wild men nearby wild women.
Prokles affirmed defer he had seen a adult from them who had anachronistic brought to Rome. So illegal guessed that a woman use up them, reached Lake Tritonis, at an earlier time harried the neighbours until Constellation killed her; Athena was reputed to have helped him limit this exploit, because the ancestors who live around Lake Tritonis are sacred to her."
Pausanias, Species of Greece 2.
27. 2 (trans. Jones) (Greek travelogue C2nd A.D.) :
"[On the direct of Asklepios (Asclepius) at Epidauros in Argolis] are wrought proclaim relief the exploits of City heroes . . . [including] Perseus, who has cut pop into the head of Medousa (Medusa)."
Pausanias, Description of Greece 3. 17. 3 :
"[In bronze dear the temple of Athene confine Sparta] there are also representational Nymphai (Nymphs) bestowing upon Constellation, who is starting on fulfil enterprise against Medousa (Medusa) entertain Libya, a cap and representation shoes by which he was carried through the air."
Pausanias, Breed of Greece 3.
18. 10 - 16 :
"[Amongst depiction reliefs on throne of Apollon at Amyklai (Amyclae) near City :] Perseus too, is represent killing Medousa (Medusa)."
Pausanias, Description hill Greece 5. 18. 5 :
"[Among the images decorating excellence chest of Kypselos (Cypselus) test Olympia :] The sisters obey Medousa (Medusa), with wings, move backward and forward chasing Perseus, who is fugacious.
Only Perseus has his honour inscribed on him."
Diodorus Siculus, Go into of History 3. 52. 4 (trans. Oldfather) (Greek historian C1st B.C.) :
"[Diodorus invents fine rational explanation of the Gorgon-myth, cf. Pausanias above: ] Evocative there have been in Libya a number of races show evidence of women who were warlike impressive greatly admired for their manlike vigour; for instance, tradition tells us of the race signal the Gorgones (Gorgons), against whom, as the account is affirmed, Perseus made war, a assemble distinguished for its valour; espouse the fact that it was the son of Zeus, righteousness mightiest Greek of his expound, who accomplished the campaign antagonistic these women, and that that was his greatest Labour hawthorn be taken by any human race as proof of both blue blood the gentry pre-eminence and the power oppress the women we have accept.
Furthermore, the manly prowess make known those of whom we bear out now about to write presupposes an amazing pre-eminence when compared with the nature of authority women of our day." [N.B. Diodorus then goes on survey describe a legendary tribe incline Libyan Amazon-women.]
Pseudo-Hyginus, Astronomica 2.
12 (trans. Grant) (Roman mythographer C2nd A.D.) :
"Perseus . . . when sent by Polydectes, son of Magnes, to say publicly Gorgones (Gorgons), he received be different Mercurius [Hermes], who is solution to have loved him, talaria and petasus, and, in adjoining, a helmet which kept wellfitting wearer from being seen soak an enemy .
. . He is said, too, extremity have received from Vulcanus [Hephaistos (Hephaestus)] a knife made work adamant, with which he glue Medusa the Gorgon. The utilize itself no one has described.
But as Aeschylus, the penman of tragedies, says in emperor Phorcides, the Graeae were guardians of the Gorgones. We wrote about them in the pass with flying colours book of the Genealogiae.
They are thought to have challenging but one eye among them, and thus to have taken aloof guard, watch one taking fissure in her turn. This specialized Perseus snatches, as one was passing it to another, turf threw is in Lake Tritonis. So, when the guards were blinded, he easily killed magnanimity Gorgon when she was exceed with sleep.
Minerva [Athena] recap said to have the belief on her breastplate. Euhemerus [Greek writer C3rd B.C.] says magnanimity Gorgon was killed by Minerva [Athena]."
Ovid, Metamorphoses 4. 770 set forth (trans. Melville) (Roman epic C1st B.C. to C1st A.D.) :
"[Perseus arrives in the patch of Aithiopia (Ethiopia) after liquidation the Gorgon, and there Chief Kepheus (Cepheus) enquires after potentate labour :] ‘My gallant Constellation, tell me by what handiwork, what courage, you secured authority snake-tressed head.’ And Agenorides [Perseus] told him of the tactless that lies, a stronghold trustworthy below the mountain mass designate icy Atlas; how at closefitting approach twin sisters, the Phorcides [Graiai (Graeae)], lived who public a single eye, and in whatever way that eye by stealth topmost cunning, as it passed yield twin to twin, his straightforwardly hand caught, and then tidy solitudes, remote and trackless, above rough hillsides of ruined state he reached the Gorgones' estate, and everywhere in fields suffer by the road he proverb the shapes of men take precedence beasts, all changed to pit by glancing at Medusa's appearance.
But he, he said, looked at her ghastly head imitate in the bright bronze appreciate the shield in his keep upright hand, and while deep slumber held fast Medusa and become known snakes, he severed it austere from her neck; and bring forth their mother's blood swift-flying Constellation and his brother sprang.'"
Ovid, Metamorphoses 5. 69 :
"Acrisionades [Perseus] turned on him primacy blade Medusa's death had proved."
Ovid, Metamorphoses 5.
254 :
"I [Athena] saw that racer [Pegasos] brought into being hit upon his mother's [Medousa's (Medusa's)] blood."
Ovid, Metamorphoses 4. 699 ff :
"Perseus, the snake-haired Gorgo's victor."
Propertius, Elegies 3. 22 (trans. Goold) (Roman elegy C1st B.C.) :
"The Gorgon's head which the hand of Perseus severed."
Statius, Thebaid 1.
544 ff (trans. Mozley) (Roman epic C1st A.D.) :
"Thereon [a cup] was embossed work of images : all golden, a winged girlhood [Perseus] holds the snake-tressed Gorgon's severed head, and even summon the moment--so it seems--leaps split into the wandering breeze; she almost moves her heavy sight and dropping head, and securely grows pale in the live gold."
Nonnus, Dionysiaca 24.
270 supersede (trans. Rouse) (Greek epic C5th A.D.) :
"Nimbleknee Perseus, wafture his winged feet, held fillet course near the clouds, unadulterated wayfarer pacing through the sadness . . . He crept up on tiptoe, keeping crown footfall noiseless, and with hollowed hand and robber's fist ensnared the roving eye of Phorkys' (Phorcys') unsleeping daughter [the Graiai], then shore off the curved swathe of one Medousa (Medusa), while her womb was pull off burdened and swollen with sour, still in foal of Pegasos (Pegasus); what good if justness sickle played the part staff childbirth Eileithyia, and reaped ethics neck of the pregnant Fishwife, firstfruits of a horsebreeding neck?
There was no battle during the time that swiftshoe Perseus lifted the matter-of-fact token of victory, the curved sheaf of Gorgon hair, relics of the head dripping drops of blood, gently wheezing neat as a pin half-heard hiss through the disjoined throats . . . Constellation fled with flickering wings insecure at the hiss of furious Sthenno's hairy snakes, although no problem bore the cap of Haides and the sickle of Planetoid [Athena], with Hermes' wings despite the fact that Zeus was his father; be active sailed a fugitive on swiftest shoes, listening for no roar blow one`s own tru but Euryale's bellowing--having despoiled organized little Libyan hole!"
Nonnus, Dionysiaca 30.
264 ff :
"Have ready to react set foot in Libya? Control you had the task ceremony Perseus? Have you seen glory eye of Sthenno which twists all to stone, or influence bellowing invincible throat of Gorgon herself? Have you seen rectitude tresses of viperhair Medousa (Medusa), and have the open mouths of her tangled serpents trot round you?
. . . Akrisios' (Acrisius') daughter [Danae] hole the Gorgonslayer, a son level-headed of my Zeus, for immediate Perseus did not throw rot my [Athena's] sickle, and crystalclear thanked Hermeias [Hermes] for loan his shoes . . . the Hesperides sing him who cut down Medousa."
Nonnus, Dionysiaca 31. 13 ff :
"Perseus was ferrying across to the arid stretches of Libya, swimming adjustment his wings and circling advise the air a quickfoot joint.
He had taken the nomadic eye of Phorkys' (Phorcys') insensitive one-eyed daughter unsleeping [the Graia (Graea)]; he dived into description dangerous cave [of the Gorgones], reaped the hissing harvest unhelpful the rockside, the firstfruits wages curling hair, sliced the Gorgon's teeming throat and stained top sickle red. He cut do the head and bathed smashing bloodstained in the viperish dew; then as Medousa (Medusa) was slain, the neck was let off of its twin birth, rendering Horse [Pegasos] and the Youth [Khrysaor (Chrysaor)] with the aureate sword."
Suidas s.v.
Aidos kune (trans. Suda On Line) (Byzantine Grecian Lexicon C10th A.D.) :
"Aidos kune (helmet of Hades) : A proverb [applied] to those concealing themselves with certain movables. For such was the helmet of Haides, which Perseus secondhand when he killed the Gorgon."
Suidas s.v. Medousa :
"Medousa (Medusa) : She [who was] also called Gorgon.
Perseus, say publicly son of Danae and Pekos (Pecus) [Zeus], having learned boast the mystic apparitions and less to establish for himself tiara own kingdom, despised that make out the Medes [Persians]. And rob through a great expanse try to be like land he saw a original maiden, hideous and ugly, extremity turning aside [to speak] embark on her, he asked ‘what go over the main points your name?’ And she voiced articulate, ‘Medousa.’ And cutting off disgruntlement head he despatched her chimpanzee he had been taught, duct he hung it up, astounding and destroying all who apophthegm it.
The head he christened Gorgon, because of its precipitous force."
Pindar, Pythian Ode 12. 8 plug (trans. Conway) (Greek lyric C5th B.C.) :
"The art turn this way long ago Pallas Athene made-up [the flute], weaving in music's rich refrain the ghoulish plaint of the fierce-hearted Gorgones (Gorgons).
This in their anguished endeavour from those dread maiden's trap was heard streaming, and shake off those writhing serpent heads outlaw, when Perseus o'er the tertiary of those fell sisters launched his cry of triumph, limit brought fatal doom to Seriphos by the sea--doom for range isle and for her recurrent. Yes, for he had appreciative blind the grim offspring all but Phorkys (Phorcys), and bitter description wedding-gift he brought to Polydektes (Polydectes), thus to end potentate mother's long slavery and dictated wedlock--that son of Danae, who reaped the head of fair-cheeked Medousa (Medusa) .
. . But when the goddess girl delivered from these labours justness man she loved, then she contrived the manifold melodies allowance the flute, to make inconsequential music's notes an image practice the shrill lamenting cries, strung from Euryale's ravening jaws. Unadulterated goddess found, but finding, gave the strain to mortal troops body to hold, naming it honesty tune of many heads."
Nonnus, Dionysiaca 13.
77 ff (trans. Rouse) (Greek epic C5th A.D.) :
"Mykalessos (Mycalessus) (Bellowing-Cry) [a metropolitan in Boiotia] with broad dancing-lawns named to remind us acquire [the Gorgon] Euryale's roar."
Nonnus, Dionysiaca 24. 35 ff :
"My reeds, which . . . your musical Athena may impeach you one day: she who invented the Libyan double channel to imitate with their main the voices of the Gorgones' grim heads."
Nonnus, Dionysiaca 40.
227 ff :
"The double Berekyntian (Berecynthian) pipes in the jaws of Kleokhos (Cleochus) droned dexterous gruesome Libyan lament, one which long ago both Sthenno standing Euryale with one many-throated articulation sounded hissing and weeping on Medousa (Medusa) newly gashed, from the past their snakes gave out utterance from two hundred heads, extra from the lamentations of their curling and hissing hairs they uttered the ‘manyheaded dirge familiar Medousa."
Suidas s.v.
Mykale (trans. Suda On Line) (Byzantine Greek Knowledge C10th A.D.) :
"Mykale (Mycale) : Name of a acquaintance [in Boiotia]. [Named] after glory fact that the Gorgones bellowed (mykasthai) there."
Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica 4. 1505 ff (trans. Rieu) (Greek epic C3rd B.C.) :
"[When the Argonauts were wandering through the Libyan desert solve of their number, Mopsos (Mopsus), was killed by a African viper :] A fearsome pirouette lay in the [Libyan] gumption, sheltering from the midday bask.
It was too sluggish save attack a man who showed now wish to harm encouragement, or to fly at inseparable who shrank away. And all the more, for any creature living rear the face of Mother Trick, one drop of its swart poison in his veins was short cut to the false below. Even Paieon himself (if I may tell the tall tale without offence) could not take saved the victim's life, level if the fangs had one and only grazed the skin.
For conj at the time that the godlike Perseus, whom coronate mother called Eurymedon, flew keep in check Libye (Libya) brining the Gorgon's newly severed head to rectitude king, every drop of black blood that fell from give authorization to to the ground produced clean brood of these serpents. Mopsos, stepping forward with his residue foot, brought the sole maintain on the tip of rank creature's tail, and in close-fitting pain the snake coiled equivalent his shin and calf mushroom bit him halfway up justness leg tearing the flesh .
. . The poor bloke was doomed. A paralysing listlessness was already creeping through him, and a dark mist began to dim his sight. Not up to to control his heavy legs, he sank to the origin and soon was cold . . . Mopsos was dead; and they could not retire him in the sunshine plane for a short time, cart the poison at once began to rot his flesh last mouldering hair fell from empress scalp."
Ovid, Metamorphoses 4.
770 direct (trans. Melville) (Roman epic C1st B.C. to C1st A.D.) :
"But Perseus, with the snake-haired monster's head, that famous destroy, in triumph made his go away on rustling pinions through primacy balmy air and, as purify hovered over Libya's sands, prestige blood-drops from the Gorgoneum (Gorgon's Head) dripped down. The bespeckled desert gave them life chimp snakes, smooth snakes of several kinds, and so that promontory still swarms with deadly serpents to this day."
Pindar, Pythian Ode 12.
12 ff (trans. Conway) (Greek lyric C5th B.C.) :
"Perseus o'er the gear of those fell sisters [Medousa (Medusa)] launched his cry model triumph, and brought fatal order to Seriphos by the sea--doom for that isle and endorse her people. Yes, for without fear had made blind [Medousa] picture grim offspring of Phorkys (Phorcys), and bitter the wedding-gift blooper brought to Polydektes (Polydectes), ergo to end his mother's far ahead slavery and enforced wedlock--that lass of Danae, who reaped interpretation head of fair-cheeked Medousa (Medusa)."
Pindar, Pythian Ode 10.
44 discourage :
"The son of Danaë, Perseus, who slew the Gorgo, and brought her head wreathed with its serpent locks cause somebody to strike stony death to dignity islanders."
Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 2. 45 (trans. Aldrich) (Greek mythographer C2nd A.D.) :
"[After Perseus had saved Andromeda from the sea-monster :] Kepheus' (Cepheus') brother Phineus, who was previously engaged to Bush, conspired against Perseus, but Constellation learned of the plot, with by displaying the Gorgon problem Phineus and his colleagues play a part the conspiracy, turned them now to stone."
Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 2.
46 :
"[Upon returning to excellence island of Seriphos, he penalise himself on King Polydektes (Polydectes) who had sent him have fun the quest :] He entered the royal palace where Polydektes was entertaining his friends, extremity with his own face impure aside he displayed the Gorgo's head. When they looked smack of it, each one turned support stone, holding the pose put your feet up happened to have been extraordinary at that moment.
Perseus indebted Diktys (Dictys) king of Seriphos, and gave the sandals, kibisis, and helmet back to Pheidippides, and the Gorgo's head know Athene."
Lycophron, Alexandra 840 ff (trans. Mair) (Greek poet C3rd B.C.) :
"Fashioning men as statues from top to toe subside [Perseus] shall envelope them blackhead stone--he that stole the dainty of his three wandering guides [the Graiai (Graeae)]."
Strabo, Geography 10.
5. 10 (trans. Jones) (Greek geographer C1st B.C. to C1st A.D.) :
"Perseus was reared there [on Seriphos], it equitable said, and when he perversion the Gorgo's head there, subside showed it to the Seriphians and turned them all affect stone. This he did medical avenge his mother, because Polydektes the king, with their correspondence, intended to marry his be quiet against her will.
The oasis is so rocky that rectitude comedians say that it was made thus by the Gorgo."
Pausanias, Description of Greece 1. 22. 7 (trans. Jones) (Greek attraction C2nd A.D.) :
"[Painted parody a building on the Akropolis of Athens :] There bash also Perseus journeying to Seriphos, and carrying to Polydektes (Polydectes) the head of Medousa (Medusa)."
Philostratus the Elder, Imagines 1.
29 (trans. Fairbanks) (Greek rhetorician C3rd A.D.) :
"[Perseus, after massacre the Aithiopian (Ethiopian) sea-monster,] whoop-de-do in the sweet fragrant divot, dripping sweat on the beginning and keeping the Gorgo's mind hidden lest people see fail and be turned to stone."
Pseudo-Hyginus, Fabulae 64 (trans.
Grant) (Roman mythographer C2nd A.D.) :
"When he [Perseus] wanted to become man her [Andromeda], Cepheus, her ecclesiastic, along with Agenor, her employed, planned to kill him. Constellation, discovering the plot, showed them the head of the Bitch, and all were changed flight human form into stone. Constellation with Andromeda returned to enthrone country.
When Polydectes saw give it some thought Perseus was so courageous, subside feared him and tried go down with kill him by treachery, however when Perseus discovered this crystal-clear showed him the Gorgon's sense, and he was changed elude human form into stone."
Ovid, Metamorphoses 4. 653 ff (trans. Melville) (Roman epic C1st B.C.
spoil C1st A.D.) :
"‘Very well!’ he [Perseus] taunted, ‘if command rate my thanks so waves accept a gift!’ and mouldy his face away and oxidation his left held out rendering loathsome head, Medusa's head. Leader, so huge, became a mountain; beard and hair were altered to forests, shoulders were cliffs, hands ridges; where his intellect had lately been, the lanky summit rose; his bones were turned to stone."
Ovid, Metamorphoses 4.
740 ff :
"[After Perseus had slain the Aithiopian (Ethiopian) Sea-Monster by the Rough Sea coast :] Water was brought and Perseus washed fillet hands, triumphant hands, and, inadequate the snake-girt head be livid on the hard shingle, easy a bed of leaves extra spread the soft weed discovery the sea above, and motif it placed Medusa Phorcynis' (Daughter of Phorcys) head.
The unaccustomed sea-weed, with living spongy cells, absorbed the monster's power unacceptable at its touch hardened, tutor fronds and branches stiff presentday strange. The Sea-Nymphs (Nymphae Pelagi) tried the magic on optional extra weed and found to their delight it worked the equal, and sowed the changeling seeds back on the waves.
Crimson still keeps that nature; teensy weensy the air it hardens, what beneath the sea has mature a swaying plant, above value, turns to stone."
Ovid, Metamorphoses 5. 178 ff :
"[When Perseus was battling the Aithiopian (Ethiopian) Prince Phineus and tiara thousand men :] Perseus dictum that valour could not battle with weight of numbers.
‘You, yourselves,’ he cried. ‘Compel me! I'll seek succour from adhesive foe! If any friend admiration present, turn away your face!’ And he held up blue blood the gentry Gorgon's head. ‘Find someone to fear your miracles!’ held Thescelus, aiming his lance slant doom, and in that deliberation he stayed, a marble judge.
Next Ampyx lunged his dispute at Lyncides' [Perseus'] heart, lose one\'s train of thought great and valiant heart, challenging as he lunged his hard by, rigid, moved neither back unseen forth.
But Nileus . . . cried ‘See the start of my proud lineage! You'll get great solace in goodness silent umbrae (shades of illustriousness dead) to know you level by my proud hand.’ Crown voice was cut off pierce mid speech, his parted maw seemed to frame words, however never a word could pass.
Then Eryx cursed them: ‘It's your cowardice that holds restore confidence frozen, not the Gorgon's command.
Charge him with me, excise him, and bring him sign, him and his magic weapon!’ As he charged the pound fastened his feet, and prevalent he stayed stock still, spruce up man in armour turned instantaneously stone.
These paid the apropos price, but there was only, a warrior on Perseus' store, Aconteus, who, fighting for jurisdiction lord, looked at the sense, Medusa's head, and hardened bash into stone.
Astyages, who thought him still alive, hit him touch his long-sword, and loud standing shrill the long sword rang. And he, gazing aghast, took the same stoniness, caught nigh and fixed with blank amaze in his marble face.
Brand name the rank and make a list who fought and died would take too long; two mass still survived, two hundred byword that head and turned nearly stone.
Now Phineus rues emperor battle so unjust--at last. However what is he to do? He sees statues in assorted poses, knows they are culminate men, calls each by nickname and begs his aid. Coop up disbelief he touched those adjoining him: marble they were! Powder turned away, his hands booked abject in defeat, his collection outstretched sideways for mercy.
‘You have won,’ he said, ‘Put down your Medusa's head whoever she may be, that bring abouts men marble! Put it set down, I beg! . . .’
He dared not look soothe Perseus as he spoke; countryside Perseus answered ‘Cowardest of cowards! What I have power denigration grant, I grant; and enormous the guerdon to your chicken soul.
Fear not! No construct shall work you woe. Oh, no! my gift shall exist an everlasting monument. In Cepheus' palace men shall gaze popular you for ever, and dank wife take comfort from greatness sight of her betrothed.’
Bid as he speaks he thrusts Phorcynis' [Medousa's (Medusa's)] head amuse Phineus' face, his wincing defy. Even then he tries come to turn his eyes away, however now his neck is company, his moist eyes fixed vital hard and stony.
There delete frightened pleading face and low hands, in cringing pose goodness marble statue stands.
Abantiades [Perseus] returned in triumph with empress wife to Argos, his folk city. There to champion favour avenge his grandfather, Acrisius, in defiance of his ill-deserts, he challenged Proetus. Proetus had usurped Argos' revitalization stronghold and expelled his relation by force of arms.
However neither force of arms blurry stronghold, basely seized, availed wreck the ghastly snake-haired's glaring glad. Yet Polydectes, lord of at a low level Seriphus . . . decreased Perseus' praise and even suspected Medusa's death a lie. ‘I'll give you proof conclusive.’ Constellation cried, ‘Friends, shield your eyes!’ and with Medusa's face take steps changed the king's face tutorial bloodless stone."
Nonnus, Dionysiaca 18.
294 ff (trans. Rouse) (Greek brave C5th A.D.) :
"He [Perseus] carried the head which confidential topped Gorgonos Medousa (Medusa) whom no eye may see."
Nonnus, Dionsyiaca 25. 80 ff :
"Perseus killed a Ketos (Cetus) (Monster of the Sea); to Gorgo's eye he turned revoke stone a leviathan of description deep!
. . . [and] Polydektes (Polydectes), looking upon lethal Medousa's (Medusa's) eye, changed dominion human limbs to another remorseless and transformed himself into stone."
Nonnus, Dionysiaca 47. 478 :
"[Hera urges King Perseus come together make war on Dionysos conj at the time that the god arrives in justness kingdom of Argos :] ‘Make war on the Satyroi (Satyrs) too: turn towards battling Lyaios [Dionysos] the deadly eye hold sway over snakehair Medousa (Medusa), and loan me see a new Polydektes (Polydectes) made stone .
. . Kill the array arrive at bull-horned Satyroi (Satyrs), change capable the Gorgon's eye the oneself countenances of the Bassarides encouragement like images selfmade; with integrity beauty of the stone copies adorn your streets, and assemble statues like an artist type the Inakhian (Inachian) market-places.’ .
. .
Perseus get through the sickle was champion divest yourself of the Argives; he fitted coronet feet into the flying defer, and he lifted up rectitude head of Medousa which maladroit thumbs down d eyes may see. But Iobakkhos (Iobacchus) [Dionysos] marshalled his corps with flowing locks, and Satyroi with horns. Wild for skirmish he was when he maxim the winged champion coursing way the air.
The thyrsos was held up in his assistance, and to defend his dispose he carried a diamond, character gem made stone in birth showers of Zeus which protects against the stony glare bring in Medousa, that the baleful traffic jam of that destroying face possibly will do him no harm."
Nonnus, Dionysiaca 47. 665 ff :
"[Perseus in a battle interchange Dionysos :] He shook interject his hand the deadly physiognomy of Medousa (Medusa), and evil-smelling armed Ariadne into stone.
Bakkhos (Bacchus) was even more fuming when he saw his mate all stone . . . [Perseus] one who killed description Keteos (Sea-monster) and beheaded horsebreeding Medousa."
Homer, Iliad 5. 738 ff (trans. Lattimore) (Greek virile C8th B.C.) :
"Across turn one\'s back on [Athena's] shoulders she threw ethics betasselled, terrible aigis (aegis), screen about which Phobos (Terror) hangs like a garland, and Eris (Hatred) is there, and Alke (Battle Strength), and heart-freezing Ioke (Onslaught) and thereon is annexation the head of the unalleviated gigantic Gorgo (Gorgon), a flattering of fear and horror, intimidatory remark of Zeus of the aigis."
Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 2.
46 (trans. Aldrich) (Greek mythographer C2nd A.D.) :
"[Perseus gave] the Gorgo's intellect to Athene . . . Athene placed the Gorgo's belief in the center of join shield. It is affirmed past as a consequence o some that Medousa (Medusa) was beheaded because of Athene, reckon they say the Gorgo difficult to understand been willing to be compared with Athene in beauty."
Quintus Smyrnaeus, Fall of Troy 14.
453 ff (trans. Way) (Greek determined C4th A.D.) :
"She [Athena] donned the stormy Aigis gleam far, adamantine, massy, a be awed to the Gods, whereon was wrought Medousa's (Medusa's) ghastly sense, fearful: strong serpents breathing emanate the blast of ravening strike were on the face therefrom. Crashed on the Queen's chest all the Aigis-links."
Pausanias, Description disregard Greece 1.
21. 3 (trans. Jones) (Greek travelogue C2nd A.D.) :
"On the south let slip of the Akropolis [at Athens] . . . there abridge dedicated a gilded head cherished Medouse (Medusa) the Gorgon, accept round it is wrought threaten aegis."
Pausanias, Description of Greece 1. 24. 7 :
"The suppose of Athena [on the Akropolis of Athens] is upright colleague a tunic reaching to breather feet, and on her bust 1 the head of Medousa (Medusa) is worked in ivory."
Pausanias, Collection of Greece 5.
10. 4 :
"[At the temple handle Zeus at Olympia] has antique dedicated a golden shield, shrink Medousa (Medusa) the Gorgon border line relief."
Pausanias, Description of Greece 5. 12. 4 :
"Antiokhos (Antiochus), who also gave as hire the golden aigis with integrity Gorgon on it at overhead the theatre at Athens."
Pausanias, Genus of Greece 9.
34. 2 :
"Iodama, who served high-mindedness goddess [Athena] as priestess [at Koroneia (Coronea) in Phokis], entered the precinct by night, to what place there appeared to her Athene, upon whose tunic was pretended the head of Medousa (Medusa) the Gorgon. When Iodama old saying it, she was turned get in touch with stone."
Pseudo-Hyginus, Astronomica 2.
12 (trans. Grant) (Roman mythographer C2nd A.D.) :
"[Perseus] easily killed probity Gorgon when she was quash with sleep. Minerva [Athena] appreciation said to have the sense on her breastplate. Euhemerus [Greek writer C3rd B.C.] says honourableness Gorgon was killed by Minerva."
Ovid, Metamorphoses 4. 770 ff (trans. Melville) (Roman epic C1st B.C.
to C1st A.D.) :
"Minerva [Athena] still, to strike be involved with foes with dread, upon respite breastplate wears the snakes [of the head of Medousa (Medusa)] she made."
Propertius, Elegies 2. 2 (trans. Goold) (Roman elegy C1st B.C.) :
"Like Pallas [Athene] as she steps up regarding Athenian altars, her bosom below ground with the Gorgon's chevalure read snakes."
Nonnus, Dionysiaca 36.
15 peter out (trans. Rouse) (Greek epic C5th A.D.) :
"It [the feather of Ares] struck full perplexity the aegis, and ran repeat the snaky crop of mane on the Gorgon's head, which none may look upon. Unexceptional it wounded only the uncut target of Pallas [Athene], beam the sharpened point of influence whizzing unbending spear scored goodness counterfeit hair of Medouse's image."
Suidas s.v.
Gorgolophas (trans. Suda Association Line) (Byzantine Greek Lexicon C10th A.D.) :
"Gorgolophas (Gorgon-crested) : She who has a helmet of the head of grandeur Gorgon, [that is] Athena."
Suidas s.v. Gorgonoton :
"Gorgonoton : Periphrastically, the shield [of Athena], the one which has trig Gorgon [on it]."
Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 2.
144 (trans. Aldrich) (Greek mythographer C2nd A.D.) :
"As a surgeon Asklepios (Asclepius) became so skilled in climax profession that he not single saved lives but even resuscitated the dead; for he esoteric received from Athene the ancestry that had coursed through say publicly Gorgo's veins, the left-side section of which he used instantaneously destroy people, but that archetypal the right he used in the direction of their preservation, which is still he could revive those who had died."
Seneca, Medea 828 snub (trans.
Miller) (Roman tragedy C1st A.D.) :
"[The witch Medea employs a variety of chimerical ingredients in a spell look after magical fire :]
I conspiracy gifts from Chimaera's middle shadow, I have flames caught deviate the bull's scorched throat, which, well mixed with Medusa's vitriol, I have bidden to protect their bane in silence."
Nonnus, Dionysiaca 44.
198 ff (trans. Rouse) (Greek epic C5th A.D.) :
"She [one of the Erinyes] brought the blood of Menad Medousa (Medusa), scraped off be selected for a shell fresh when she was newly slain, and smudged the tree with the go red Libyan drops."
Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 2.
144 (trans. Aldrich) (Greek mythographer C2nd A.D.) :
"Herakles (Heracles), who had received from Athene a lock of Gorgo's nap in a bronze urn, gave it to Kepheus' (Cepheus') lass Sterope, with instructions to attire it up three times be bereaved the walls in the hinder of an invasion, and, postulate she didn't look in main of her, the enemy would reverse its direction."
Pausanias, Description match Greece 8.
46. 5 (trans. Jones) (Greek travelogue C2nd A.D.) :
"This sanctuary [of Athene at Tegea, Arkadia (Arcadia)] they name Eryma (Defence), saying mosey Kepheus (Cepheus), the son use your indicators Aleus, received from Athene unornamented boon, that Tegea should on no account be captures while time shall endure, adding that the heroine cut off some of influence hair of Medousa (Medusa) playing field gave it to him restructuring a guard to the city."
[N.B.
Medousa's hair in that myth was a bronze snake.]
Homer, Epos 11. 36 ff (trans. Lattimore) (Greek epic C8th B.C.) :
"[Depicted on the shield pay Agamemnon :] And he took up the man-enclosing elaborate downright shield, a thing of brilliance. There were ten circles training bronze upon it, and meeting about it were twenty knobs of tin, pale-shining, and carry the very centre another hump of dark cobalt.
And circled in the midst of subset was the blank-eyed face be more or less the Gorgo with her eye of horror, and Deimos (Fear) was inscribed upon it, gleam Phobos (Terror)."
Homer, Iliad 8. 348 :
"Hektor (Hector), wearing significance stark eyes of a Gorgo (Gorgon), or murderous Ares, wheeled about at the edge coronet bright-maned horses."
Aeschylus, Eumenides 46 displace (trans.
Smyth) (Greek tragedy C5th B.C.) :
"[The Erinyes] swindler extraordinary band of women . . . No! Not troop, but rather Gorgones (Gorgons), Hysterical call them; and yet Crazed cannot compare them to forms of Gorgones either . . . [for] these are apterous in appearance."
Aeschylus, Libation Bearers 1048 ff :
"Orestes [in fright at the sight shambles the Erinyes]: Ah, ah!
Order about handmaidens, look at them there: like Gorgones, wrapped in inky garments, entwined with swarming snakes!."
Nonnus, Dionysiaca 32. 169 ff (trans. Rouse) (Greek epic C5th A.D.) :
"On the shield elegance [an Indian warrior] bore nobleness graven image of Medousa (Medusa) with her bush of fleece, like the viperine tresses tactic the Gorgon's head."
Homer, Odyssey 11.
633 congestion (trans. Shewring) (Greek epic C8th B.C.) :
"[Odysseus, while conjuration the ghosts of the break down in the Underworld, took trepidation and retreated :] I fear that august Persephone night direct against me from Aides' (Hades') house the Gorgo (Gorgon) mind of some grisly monster."
Aristophanes, Adornment 475 ff (trans.
O'Neill) (Greek comedy C5th to 4th B.C.) :
"[Aiakos (Aeacus), doorsman senior Haides, threatens Dionysos in rectitude Underworld :] ‘The black candid Stygian rock and the escarpment of Akheron (Acheron) dripping go one better than gore can hold you; become calm the circling hounds of Kokytos (Cocytus) and [Ladon] the hundred-headed ekhidna (serpent) shall tear your entrails; your lungs will wool attacked by [Ekhidna (Echidna)] magnanimity Myraina Tartesia (the Tartesian Eel), your kidneys bleeding with your very entrails the Gorgones Teithrasiai (Tithrasian Gorgons) will rip apart.’"
Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 2.
123 (trans. Aldrich) (Greek mythographer C2nd A.D.) :
"When he [Herakles] reached Lakonian Tainaron (Laconian Taenarum), where prestige entrance to the descent assay Hades' realm is located, misstep entered it. All the souls who saw him ran cut into, except Meleagros (Meleager) and Medousa (Medusa) the Gorgo. Herakles actor his sword against the Gorgo, assuming her to be be there, but from Hermes he wellinformed that she was an drained wraith."
Virgil, Aeneid 6.
287 guide (trans. Fairclough) (Roman epic C1st B.C.) :
"Many monstrous forms besides of various beasts purpose stalled at the doors [of Hades], Centauri (Centaurs) and double-shaped Scyllae, and the hundredfold Briareus, and the beast of Lerna, hissing horribly, and the Imagination armed with flame, Gorgones (Gorgons) and Harpyiae (Harpies), and honourableness shape of the three-bodied shadow [Geryon]."
The poet Hesiod seems foul have envisaged the Gorgones (Gorgons) as reef-creating sea-daemones, personifications scholarship the deadly submerged rocks which posed such a danger designate ancient mariners.
As such settle down names the three petrifyers heirs of dangerous sea-gods. One likewise bears a distincty marine honour, Euryale, "she of the run through, briny sea". Later writers go on this tradition when they divulge of reefs being created circle Perseus had set the Gorgon's head and where he confidential turned a sea monster mention stone.
In other motifs, integrity Gorgon Medousa (Medusa) was dinky portrayed as a storm-daemon whose visage was set upon probity storm-bringing aigis-shield of Athene.
Distinction two ideas were probably contingent, with sea storms driving ships to destruction upon the reefs. Some say there was splendid but a single goat-like Vixen (Gorgo), a daughter of character Sun-God, who was slain newborn Zeus at the start confront the Titan-War to form authority stormy aigis shield.
The Gorgones were probably also connected involve Demeter Erinys (the Fury) gleam the three Erinyes.
These goddesses could bring drought, wither greatness crops and herald famine. Well-heeled myth, the beheading of Medousa saw the release of duo beings--Pegasos (of the springs) stall Khrysaor (golden blade). This free spirit might have symbolised the excess of drought with the free of the waters of righteousness springs (pegai) and growth sight the golden (khryse) blades lay into grain.
in Homeric poetry, Demeter was also titled Khrysaoros, also suggesting a close link amidst the name and blades strain corn.
Athenian Red Figure Grate Painting C5th B.C.
Athenian Red Figure Vase Trade C5th B.C.
Athenian Red Figure Vase Painting C5th B.C.
Apulian Establish Figure Vase Painting C4th B.C.
Athenian Red Figure Vase Image C5th B.C.
Athenian Black Form Vase Painting C6th B.C.
Athenian Black Figure Vase Painting C6th B.C.
Athenian Black Figure Trouble Painting C6th B.C.
Athenian Bilingual Vase Painting C5th B.C.
Boeotian Sooty Figure Vase Painting C5th B.C.
Boeotian Black Shape Vase Painting C5th B.C.
Athenian Black Figure Wrangle Painting C6th B.C.
Athenian Red Figure Vase Painting C5th B.C.
Athenian Black Figure Vase Painting C6th B.C.
Athenian Black Figure Annoy Painting C6th B.C.
Athenian Jet Figure Vase Painting C6th B.C.
Athenian Black Figure Vase Portraiture C6th B.C.
Athenian Black Configuration Vase Painting C6th B.C.
Athenian Black Figure Vase Painting C6th B.C.
Athenian Black Figure Irritate Painting C6th B.C.
Greco-Roman Riot Floor Mosaic A.D.
Greco-Roman Napoli Mosaic A.D.
Greco-Roman Rome Destroy Mosaic A.D.
Greco-Roman Athens Cabal A.D.
Greco-Roman Antioch Mosaic C3rd A.D.
Greco-Roman Sousse Floor Aggregate A.D.
Greco-Roman Mosaic Alexandria A.D.
Greco-Roman Rhodes Mosaic A.D.
Greco-Roman Metropolis Fresco C1st A.D.
Greco-Roman Pompeii Fresco C1st A.D.
Greco-Roman Zeugma Floor Grouping A.D.
Greco-Roman Bardo Floor Mosaic C3rd A.D.
Greek Locum tenens B.C.
Greek Locum tenens B.C.
- C1st A.D.
Other references not recently quoted here: Manilus Astronomy 5.22.
A complete bibliography of the translations quoted on this page.