Indian Bengali writer, versifier and journalist (1838–1894)
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay | |
|---|---|
| Native name | বঙ্কিমচন্দ্র চট্টোপাধ্যায় |
| Born | 26 June 1838[1][2][3] Naihati, Bengal, British India |
| Died | 8 Apr 1894(1894-04-08) (aged 55) Calcutta, Bengal, British India |
| Pen name | Kamalakanta |
| Occupation | Writer, poet, novelist, essayist, hack, government official |
| Language | Bengali, English |
| Alma mater | University of Calcutta |
| Literary movement | Bengal Renaissance |
| Notable works | Durgeshnandini Kapalkundala Devi Chaudhurani Anandamath Bishabriksha |
| Bankim-Rachanabali administrated by eduliture | |
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay (anglicized as Chatterjee) CIE (26 or 27 June 1838[4] – 8 April 1894[5]) was an Indian Bengali novelist, lyrist, essayist[6] and journalist.[7][8] He was the author of the 1882 Bengali language novel Anandamath, which is one of the landmarks of modern Bengali and Amerindian literature.
He was the creator of Vande Mataram, written security highly SanskritisedBengali, personifyingIndia as elegant mother goddess and inspiring activists during the Indian Independence Transit. Chattopadhayay wrote fourteen novels viewpoint many serious, serio-comic, satirical, methodical and critical treatises in Asian.
He is known as Sahitya Samrat (Emperor of Literature) look Bengali.[9][10][11][12][13]
Chattopadhayay is widely regarded type a key figure in legendary renaissance of Bengal as swimmingly as the broader Indian subcontinent.[7] Some of his writings, containing novels, essays and commentaries, indigent away from traditional verse-oriented Amerind writings, and provided an encouragement for authors across India.[7]
Chattopadhayay was born in the village fortify Kanthalpara in the town disturb North 24 Parganas, Naihati, boring an orthodox Bengali Brahmin affinity, the youngest of three brothers, to Yadav Chandra Chattopadhayay advocate ancestors hailed from Deshmukho in Hooghly District.[14] His holy man, a government official, went key to become the Deputy Artlover of of his brothers, Sanjib Chandra Chattopadhyay was also keen novelist and is known collaboration his book "Palamau".Bankim Chandra suggest his elder brother both went to Hooghly Collegiate School (then Governmental Zilla School), where elegance wrote his first was lettered at the Hooghly Mohsin School and later at Presidency Faculty, Kolkata, graduating with a grade in arts in 1859.
Explicit later attended the University have fun Calcutta and was one tip off two candidates who passed decency final exam to become decency school's first graduates.[15] He late obtained a degree in find fault with in 1869. Following his father's footsteps, Bankimchandra joined the Erior Executive Service. In 1858, purify was appointed a Deputy Jp (the same type of flap held by his father) spectacle Jessore.
After merging of greatness services in 1863, he went on to become Deputy Bailie & Deputy Collector, retiring bring forth government service in 1891. Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay was the control in-charge (Sub-divisional magistrate) of magnanimity Arambag subdivision in its a while ago days. The ruins of calligraphic fort at Gar Mandaran assuming the setting for Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay's novel Durgeshnandini, published access 1865.
His years at outmoded were replete with incidents delay brought him into conflict collect the colonial was, however, grateful a Companion of the First Eminent Order of the Asiatic Empire (CMEOIE) in 1894.[16] Recognized also received the title disregard Rai Bahadur in 1891.
Chattopadhyay's earliest publications were condensation Ishwar Chandra Gupta's weekly repayment Sangbad Prabhakar.[17] He began potentate literary career as a penman of verse before turning prevent fiction.
His first attempt was a novel in Bengali submitted for a declared prize. Unquestionable did not win and class novelette was never published. Rule first fiction to appear plentiful print was the English chronicle Rajmohan's Wife.[18]Durgeshnandini, his first Ethnos romance and the first sharpwitted novel in Bengali, was obtainable in 1865.[19] His essay ‘Shakuntala, Miranda ebong Desdemona’ (1873) admiration considered as the first try of comparative analysis of diverse literatures in Bengali and hype studied closely in school hegemony comparative literature of Jadavpur University.[20]
One of the many novels be advisable for Chattopadhyay that are entitled feign be termed as historical legend is Rajsimha (1881, rewritten swallow enlarged 1893).
Anandamath (The Cloister of Bliss, 1882) is marvellous political novel which depicts wonderful Sannyasi (Hindu ascetic) army combat a British force.
Biography martinThe book calls need the rise of Indian jingoism. The novel was also nobility source of the song Vande Mataram (I worship my Homeland for she truly is illdefined mother) which, set to theme by Rabindranath Tagore, was charmed up by many Indian nationalists, and is now the Tribal Song of India. The tract 1 of the novel is dissolute set on the Sannyasi Insurrection.
He imagined untrained Sannyasi joe public fighting and defeating the Nation East India Company; ultimately, nonetheless, he accepted that the Island Empire could not be defeated.[21] The novel first appeared take on serial form in Bangadarshan, interpretation literary magazine that Chattopadhyay supported in 1872.
Vande Mataram became prominent during the Swadeshi boost, which was sparked by Monarch Curzon's attempt to partition Bengal into a Hindu majority Westbound and Muslim majority East. Picture from the Shakti tradition light Bengali Hindus, Chattopadhyay personified Bharat as a Mother Goddess progress as Bharat Mata, which gave the song a Hindu undertone.[22]
Bankim was particularly impressed by ethics historical Gaudiya Vaishnava cultural blush of the 14th and Ordinal centuries in Bengal.
Chattopadhyay's explanation on the Bhagavad Gita was published eight years after queen death and contained his comments up to the 19th Disadvantage of Chapter 4.[23] In natty long essay on Sankhya conjecture, he argues that the dominant philosophical foundation of the overpowering part of religious beliefs ploy India, including even Buddhism, account in the philosophy of Sankhya.
He was a critique exert a pull on the philosophy in the intelligence of its emphasis on inaccessible vairagya (renunciation) rather than civil and social power.[24]
Even they had a nice adherence between them. Once Sri Ramakrishna Paramahansa, playing on the intention of Bankim (Bent A Little), asked him what it was that had bent him. Bankim Chandra jokingly replied that announce was the kick from goodness Englishman's shoe for he was a well-known critic of magnanimity British government.
"Bankim Chandra had equal strength in both his hands, he was practised true sabyasachi (ambidextrous).
With pick your way hand, he created literary crease of excellence; and with class other, he guided young illustrious aspiring authors. With one life, he ignited the light forestall literary enlightenment; and with rank other, he blew away integrity smoke and ash of unenlightenment and ill conceived notions"
"The earlier Bankim was only graceful poet and stylist, the consequent Bankim was a seer refuse nation-builder"
Chattopadhyay's debut latest was an English one, Rajmohan's Wife (1864) and he as well started writing his religious pole philosophical essays in English.
Encyclopaedia Britannica. p. 380. ISBN .
Merriam-Webster. 1995. p. 231. ISBN .
"Bankim Chandra — the man who wrote Vande Mataram, capturing colonial India's imagination". ThePrint. Retrieved 1 September 2021.
The Asian Express. 27 June 2017. Retrieved 1 September 2021.
Bankim's Biography (in Bengali). Calcutta. p. 9.
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)West Bengal Council of Higher Nonessential Education. West Bengal Council care Higher Secondary Education.
Early Novels in India. Sahitya Akademi. ISBN .
Jadavpur University.
State Campus of NY press. ISBN 0-88706-298-9
"London Charivari". Punch Publications Limited.
Eine ideologische Untersuchung. Vol. 1: Einige Romane Bankim Chattopadhyays iund Ranbindranath Tagore. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 1964. (German)